NFX 0027 SPAIN 5

01. Hedgerow, Meadow, Alpine meadow atmosphere 4'14"

Bees, flies, crickets, grasshoppers and other insects, distant Buzzard at start, faint calls from Blue Tit and Yellowhammer. USE: N. Spain and the rest of S. Europe, southern W,C & E Europe. TIME: Spring/Summer.

02. Yellowhammer ( Emberiza citrinella ) 1'33"

CU calls and song, insects buzzing, another singing in distance, bird leaves bush at end. USE: Europe except Iceland, Iberia except north, Med. islands. TIME: May-August.

03. Hedgerow, Meadow, Alpine meadow atmosphere 2'46"

Bees, flies, crickets, grasshoppers and other insects, Goldfinches at start. USE: Europe except north. TIME: Spring/Summer.

04. Yellowhammer ( Emberiza citrinella ) 4'02"

CU song, insects buzzing, distant Buzzard, bird moves in bush and becomes closer, distant Blue Tit. USE: Without Buzzard - Europe except Iceland, Iberia except north, Med. islands. With Buzzard - not Eire, E. England, W & N Scandinavia. TIME: May-August.

05. Meadow, Hedgerow, Alpine meadow atmosphere 2'13"

Yellowhammer ( Emberiza citrinella ) Bees, flies, crickets and grasshoppers, Blue Tit, Yellowhammer's song becomes MCU with another in distance. USE & TIME: As track 1.

06. Meadow, Hedgerow, Alpine meadow atmosphere 5'28"

Hum from bees and flies, grasshoppers and other insects, Yellowhammer sings MD and then becomes distant. USE & TIME: As track 1.

07. Yellowhammer ( Emberiza citrinella ) 1'02"

CU song, bees, grasshoppers and other insects in b/g. USE & TIME: As track 2.

08. Yellowhammer ( Emberiza citrinella ) 1'13"

CU sounds of bird preening, bees, flies, grasshoppers and other insects in b/g. USE & TIME: As track 2.

09. Black Redstart ( Phoenicurus ochruros ) 0'36"

CU alarm calls, sheep-bells in b/g. USE: S, C & E Europe. TIME: Spnng - Summer, all year in south.

10. Black Redstart ( Phoenicurus ochruros ) 1'01"

CU alarm calls, sheep, sheep-bells and sheep footsteps in b/g, male in distance singing. USE & TIME: As track 9.

11. Crag Martin ( Ptyonoprogne rupestris ) 3'05"

CU-MD contact and alarm calls from several, some song in flight, House Martin in b/g, distant Buzzard, Blackbird, Alpine Chough and river. USE: N. Spain, Alps and Mts. of SE. Europe, Central Asia. TIME: May-Aug.

12. Serin ( Serinus serinus ) 1'52"

CU calls (also given in flight) and song, Crag Martins, House Martins, distant Blackcap and river in b/g. USE: Mt. ranges of S. Europe. TIME: Mid April-July.

13. Alpine Chough ( Pyrrhocorax graculus ) 0'49"

MCU loud calls from several feeding in high meadow, grasshoppers and House Sparrows in b/g. USE: Near habitation in N. Spain, Alps, Mts. of SE Europe to China. TIME: Any.

14. Alpine Chough ( Pyrrhocorax graculus ) 0'40"

MCU calls from a flock in flight, Serin, Crag and House Martins in b/g, distant river. USE: N. Spain, Alps & Mts. of SE Europe. TIME: May-Aug.

15. Crag Martin ( Ptyonoprogne rupestris ) 0'31"

CU calls from well-grown chicks being fed by both adults in tunnel (cave). USE: Mts. of S. Europe to China.TIME: June/July.

16. Crag Martin ( Ptyonoprogne rupestris ) 5'03"

CU calls from well-grown chicks being fed by both adults in tunnel (cave), dripping water in b/g, flies buzzing at times, MD alarm calls from adult at start. USE & TIME: As track 15.

17. Crag Martin ( Ptyonoprogne rupestris ) 3'12"

CU calls from well-grown chicks being fed by both adults in tunnel (cave), dripping water in b/g, flies buzzing and distant Crows and Serin outside. USE: Mts. of S. Europe. without Serin as track 15. TIME: As track 15.

18. Crag Martin ( Ptyonoprogne rupestris ) 0'41"

MCU alarm call as adult enters tunnel, chicks in b/g calling and being fed, water dripping, river in b/g. USE & TIME: As 15.

19. Crag Martin ( Ptyonoprogne rupestris ) House Martin ( Delichon urbica ) 4'21"

MCU-Distant alarm calls from a mixed flock at presence of kestrel on rock-face, most of the higher pitched, closer calls are given by Crag Martins. Goldfinches also call, distant river. USE: Mts. of S. Europe. TIME: April-Sept .

20. Crag Martin ( Ptyonoprogne rupestris ) House Martin ( Delichon urbica ) 1'36"

MCU-Distant alarm calls from a mixed flock at presence of Kestrel, river in b/g. USE & TIME: As track 19.

21. Kestrel ( Falco tinnunculus ) 0'42"

MD-Distant calls from bird mobbing a Buzzard, Crag and House Martins and river in distance. USE & TIME: As track 19. As spots: Europe, not Iceland or far north, all year.

22. Meadow, Alpine meadow atmosphere 3'31"

Cricket and grasshopper chorus, bees and flies, distant Nuthatch and Buzzard. USE: Southern half of Europe. TIME: Spring - Summer.

23. Meadow, Alpine meadow atmosphere 3'59"

Cricket and grasshopper chorus, bees and flies, distant Blue Tit. USE & TIME: As track 22.

24. Common Green Grasshopper ( Omocestus viridulus ) 2'04"

CU stridulation, other grasshoppers and flies in b/g, distant Nuthatch at start. USE: W & SW Europe. TIME: June-Sept.

25. Alpine meadow atmosphere 4'20"

Cricket and grasshopper chorus, bees and flies, distant Nuthatches at times and faint Alpine Chough. USE: Mts. of N. Spain, Alps and SE Europe. TIME: Spring/Summer.

26. Meadow, Alpine meadow atmosphere 5'20"

Cricket and grasshopper chorus, bees and flies, distant Blue Tit, faint Raven. USE & TIME: As track 22.

27. High Pasture, Mountain atmosphere 3'34"

Wren song with calls near end, sheep-bells, wind through grass and low vegetation, Yellowhammer, Skylark, Wheatear, bees and flies, becomes busier towards end. USE: Mts. of N. Spain and rest of S. Europe. TIME: Spring/Summer.

28. Wren ( Troglodytes troglodytes ) 2'59"

MD-CU extreme alarm calls, others singing in b/g, with Skylark, Yellowhammer and sheep-bells, strong wind gusting in grass. USE: N. Spain and the rest of the southern half of Europe. TIME: Spring/Summer.

Recorded: The Picos de Europa, N. Spain. 12th - 17th July 1997.
Recorded by Nigel Tucker.
Recorded digitally in Left & Right Stereo.